| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Motion sensing in vision ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Motion sensing in vision
Motion sensing in vision allows for an organism to detect motion across its visual field. This is crucial for detecting a potential mate, prey, or predator, and thus it is found both in vertebrates and invertebrates vision throughout a wide variety of species although it is not universally found in all species. In vertebrates, the process takes place in retina and more specifically in retinal ganglion cells, which are neurons that receive input from bipolar cells and amacrine cells on visual information and process output to higher regions of the brain including, thalamus, hypothalamus, and mesencephalon.
The study of directionally selective units began with a discovery of such cells in the cerebral cortex of cats by David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel in 1959. Following the initial report, an attempt to understand the mechanism of directionally selective cells was pursued by H.B. Barlow and W. R. Levick in 1965.〔Barlow, H. B., & Levick, W. R. (1965). The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit’s retina. The Journal of physiology, 178(3), 477-504.〕 Their in-depth experiments in rabbit’s retina expanded the anatomical and physiological understanding of the vertebrate visual system and ignited the interest in the field. Numerous studies that followed thereafter have unveiled the mechanism of motion sensing in vision for the most part. Alexander Borst and Thomas Euler’s recent 2011 review paper, "Seeing Things in Motion: Models, Circuits and Mechanisms".〔Borst, Alexander, and Thomas Euler. "Seeing Things in Motion: Models, Circuits, and Mechanisms." Neuron 71.6 (2011) : 974-994〕 discusses certain important findings from the early discoveries to the recent work on the subject, coming to the conclusion of the current status of the knowledge. The content of this page has been largely based on this review paper, and the readers who are further interested in this topic are highly encouraged to read the paper.
==Direction Selective (DS) Cells==
Direction selective (DS) cells in the retina are defined as neurons that respond differentially to the direction of a visual stimulus. According to Barlow and Levick (1965), the term is used to describe a group of neurons that "gives a vigorous discharge of impulses when a stimulus object is moved through its receptive field in one direction."〔Barlow, H. B., & Levick, W. R. (1965). The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit’s retina. The Journal of physiology, 178(3), 477-504.〕 This direction in which a set of neurons respond most strongly to is their "preferred direction." In contrast, they do not respond at all to the opposite direction, "null direction." The preferred direction is not dependent on the stimulus- that is, regardless of the stimulus’ size, shape, or color, the neurons respond when it is moving in their preferred direction, and do not respond if it is moving in the null direction. There are three known types of DS cells in the vertebrate retina of the mouse, ON/OFF DS ganglion cells, ON DS ganglion cells, and OFF DS ganglion cells. Each has a distinctive physiology and anatomy.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Motion sensing in vision」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|